Geography and Cartography programs

CIP 4507 · Social Sciences · ranked by median earnings four years after completion

139 institutions report graduate earnings for Geography and Cartography programs (College Scorecard, 2024-25). Across them the median is $59,578 four years after completion, with a typical debt-to-earnings ratio of 0.36× and 86% of graduates earning above the federal earnings threshold. Indicatively, 1 of the 157 programs with both earnings and a benchmark fall below the earnings-premium benchmark used by the 2025 federal test (effective July 1, 2026); the rest clear it.

National ranking

#	Institution	Earn 4yr	% > threshold	Median debt	Debt/earn	Earnings premium	2 of 3 yrs
1	George Mason UniversityVA · Master's	$114,744 n=17	91% 5yr	–	–	Above +62%	Clears 2/2
2	University of Wisconsin-MadisonWI · Master's	$111,616 n=33	100% 1yr	$27,416	0.25×	Above +81%	–
3	Pennsylvania State University-Main CampusPA · Master's	$102,798 n=29	94% 5yr	–	–	Above +60%	Clears 2/2
4	Pennsylvania State University-World CampusPA · Master's	$102,798 n=29	94% 5yr	–	–	Above +60%	Clears 2/2
5	George Washington UniversityDC · Master's	$100,602 n=16	–	–	–	Above +16%	–
6	University of DenverCO · Master's	$90,604 n=29	100% 5yr	$39,198	0.43×	Above +34%	Clears 2/2
7	University of Washington-Seattle CampusWA · Master's	$90,418 n=47	100% 5yr	$33,037	0.36×	Above +21%	Clears 2/2
8	University of Washington-Tacoma CampusWA · Master's	$90,418 n=47	100% 5yr	$33,037	0.36×	Above +21%	Clears 2/2
9	University of KentuckyKY · Grad cert	$88,628 n=18	–	–	–	Above +56%	–
10	California State University-Long BeachCA · Master's	$87,165 n=41	97% 1yr	$20,500	0.23×	Above +16%	Below 1/2
11	University of Southern CaliforniaCA · Grad cert	$86,247 n=24	100% 5yr	$41,000	0.47×	Above +15%	Clears 2/2
12	University of DenverCO · Grad cert	$85,219 n=27	100% 5yr	$33,952	0.40×	Above +26%	Below 1/2
13	Pennsylvania State University-Main CampusPA · Post-bacc cert	$83,548 n=116	81% 1yr	–	–	Above +30%	–
14	University of Southern CaliforniaCA · Master's	$83,256 n=23	97% 5yr	$58,405	0.70×	Above +11%	Clears 2/2
15	Duke UniversityNC · Post-bacc cert	$81,405 n=29	93% 1yr	–	–	Above +39%	–
16	University of ArizonaAZ · Master's	$80,622 n=28	97% 5yr	$33,662	0.42×	Above +31%	Clears 2/2
17	University of Central ArkansasAR · Master's	$79,722 n=19	–	–	–	Above +46%	–
18	George Washington UniversityDC · Bachelor's	$78,390 n=19	–	$25,000	0.32×	Above +117%	–
19	Temple UniversityPA · Master's	$78,144 n=17	–	–	–	Above +22%	–
20	University of ConnecticutCT · Bachelor's	$76,851 n=16	–	–	–	Above +82%	–
21	University of Connecticut-Avery PointCT · Bachelor's	$76,851 n=16	–	–	–	Above +82%	–
22	University of Connecticut-Hartford CampusCT · Bachelor's	$76,851 n=16	–	–	–	Above +82%	–
23	University of Connecticut-StamfordCT · Bachelor's	$76,851 n=16	–	–	–	Above +82%	–
24	University of Connecticut-Waterbury CampusCT · Bachelor's	$76,851 n=16	–	–	–	Above +82%	–
25	Clark UniversityMA · Master's	$76,513 n=27	100% 5yr	–	–	Above +1%	Clears 2/2
26	DePaul UniversityIL · UG cert	$76,354 n=18	–	$23,412	0.31×	Above +102%	–
27	Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleIL · Bachelor's	$75,877 n=29	94% 5yr	$18,750	0.25×	Above +101%	Clears 2/2
28	California State University-SacramentoCA · Bachelor's	$75,234 n=36	80% 5yr	$15,974	0.21×	Above +96%	Clears 2/2
29	University of Nevada-RenoNV · Bachelor's	$74,864 n=16	–	–	–	Above +99%	–
30	George Mason UniversityVA · Bachelor's	$74,692 n=17	91% 5yr	$20,500	0.27×	Above +96%	Clears 2/2
31	Dartmouth CollegeNH · Bachelor's	$72,985 n=26	82% 1yr	–	–	Above +65%	–
32	North Carolina State University at RaleighNC · Post-bacc cert	$72,630 n=16	93% 1yr	–	–	Above +24%	–
33	University of North DakotaND · Post-bacc cert	$71,944 n=16	–	–	–	Above +24%	–
34	Syracuse UniversityNY · Bachelor's	$71,543 n=19	–	$27,000	0.38×	Above +88%	–
35	Binghamton UniversityNY · Bachelor's	$71,207 n=35	90% 5yr	$20,500	0.29×	Above +87%	Clears 2/2
36	Florida State UniversityFL · Master's	$69,641 n=35	88% 1yr	$25,125	0.36×	Above +25%	–
37	California State University-ChicoCA · Bachelor's	$69,500 n=21	–	–	–	Above +81%	Clears 2/2
38	Illinois State UniversityIL · Bachelor's	$69,383 n=24	66% 1yr	$16,750	0.24×	Above +84%	–
39	California State University-NorthridgeCA · Bachelor's	$69,323 n=33	81% 5yr	$12,500	0.18×	Above +80%	Clears 2/2
40	Arizona State University Campus ImmersionAZ · Master's	$69,050 n=25	93% 1yr	$30,093	0.44×	Above +12%	–
41	Arizona State University Digital ImmersionAZ · Master's	$69,050 n=25	93% 1yr	$30,093	0.44×	Above +12%	–
42	Pennsylvania State University-Main CampusPA · Bachelor's	$68,993 n=32	87% 5yr	$26,000	0.38×	Above +83%	Clears 2/2
43	University at BuffaloNY · Bachelor's	$68,176 n=19	–	$24,510	0.36×	Above +79%	Clears 2/2
44	University of California-Santa BarbaraCA · Bachelor's	$67,521 n=72	83% 5yr	$14,000	0.21×	Above +76%	Clears 2/2
45	Portland Community CollegeOR · UG cert	$67,492 n=24	–	$9,500	0.14×	Above +84%	–
46	University of New Mexico-Main CampusNM · Bachelor's	$67,336 n=17	–	$19,711	0.29×	Above +107%	–
47	University of FloridaFL · Bachelor's	$67,276 n=34	73% 5yr	$16,407	0.24×	Above +99%	Clears 2/2
48	University of Florida-OnlineFL · Bachelor's	$67,276 n=34	73% 5yr	$16,407	0.24×	Above +99%	Clears 2/2
49	University of California-Los AngelesCA · Bachelor's	$67,193 n=124	65%	$13,296	0.20×	Above +75%	Clears 2/2
50	California State University-FresnoCA · Bachelor's	$66,863 n=17	–	–	–	Above +74%	Clears 2/2
51	Metropolitan State University of DenverCO · Bachelor's	$66,429 n=17	84% 1yr	–	–	Above +60%	–
52	Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical CollegeLA · Bachelor's	$66,168 n=21	–	–	–	Above +90%	–
53	Park UniversityMO · Bachelor's	$65,890 n=22	–	–	–	Above +84%	–
54	Arizona State University Campus ImmersionAZ · Bachelor's	$65,759 n=120	87% 5yr	$24,293	0.37×	Above +79%	Clears 2/2
55	Arizona State University Digital ImmersionAZ · Bachelor's	$65,759 n=120	87% 5yr	$24,293	0.37×	Above +79%	Clears 2/2
56	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityVA · Bachelor's	$65,259 n=48	83% 5yr	$19,500	0.30×	Above +72%	Clears 2/2
57	Texas A&M University-College StationTX · Bachelor's	$65,228 n=65	90% 5yr	$16,479	0.25×	Above +82%	Clears 2/2
58	University of Washington-Seattle CampusWA · Bachelor's	$64,950 n=71	85% 5yr	$17,501	0.27×	Above +52%	Clears 2/2
59	Brigham Young UniversityUT · Bachelor's	$64,875 n=43	73% 5yr	$11,210	0.17×	Above +63%	Clears 2/2
60	University of Pittsburgh-JohnstownPA · UG cert	$64,681 n=56	81% 5yr	$23,250	0.36×	Above +72%	–
61	University of Pittsburgh-Pittsburgh CampusPA · UG cert	$64,681 n=56	81% 5yr	$23,250	0.36×	Above +72%	–
62	Temple UniversityPA · UG cert	$64,668 n=17	55% 1yr	$21,500	0.33×	Above +72%	–
63	University of Maryland-College ParkMD · Bachelor's	$63,835 n=68	90% 5yr	$23,250	0.36×	Above +52%	Clears 2/2
64	James Madison UniversityVA · Bachelor's	$63,768 n=60	87% 5yr	$19,500	0.31×	Above +68%	Clears 2/2
65	San Francisco State UniversityCA · Bachelor's	$63,590 n=35	76% 5yr	$16,359	0.26×	Above +65%	Clears 2/2
66	Radford UniversityVA · Bachelor's	$63,552 n=22	–	$25,000	0.39×	Above +67%	–
67	Central Michigan UniversityMI · Bachelor's	$62,999 n=18	–	$26,250	0.42×	Above +80%	–
68	Slippery Rock University of PennsylvaniaPA · Bachelor's	$62,659 n=21	90% 5yr	$23,250	0.37×	Above +66%	Clears 2/2
69	University of Wisconsin-WhitewaterWI · Bachelor's	$62,589 n=16	87% 5yr	$18,875	0.30×	Above +61%	Clears 2/2
70	University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignIL · Bachelor's	$62,504 n=19	–	$24,623	0.39×	Above +66%	–
71	Front Range Community CollegeCO · UG cert	$62,464 n=16	73% 5yr	$9,500	0.15×	Above +50%	Clears 2/2
72	The University of Texas at AustinTX · Bachelor's	$62,438 n=71	87% 5yr	$21,500	0.34×	Above +75%	Clears 2/2
73	University of Northern ColoradoCO · Bachelor's	$62,369 n=17	–	–	–	Above +50%	–
74	Grand Valley State UniversityMI · Bachelor's	$61,831 n=23	100% 5yr	$19,324	0.31×	Above +76%	Clears 2/2
75	Texas State UniversityTX · UG cert	$61,225 n=34	–	$25,385	0.41×	Above +71%	–
76	Texas Tech UniversityTX · Bachelor's	$60,831 n=17	–	$20,500	0.34×	Above +70%	–
77	Texas State UniversityTX · Bachelor's	$60,646 n=84	89% 5yr	$20,123	0.33×	Above +70%	Clears 2/2
78	Ohio State University-Main CampusOH · Bachelor's	$60,363 n=89	90% 5yr	$20,500	0.34×	Above +64%	Clears 2/2
79	University of IowaIA · Bachelor's	$59,578 n=18	–	$19,572	0.33×	Above +55%	–
80	Florida Atlantic UniversityFL · UG cert	$59,554 n=24	66% 1yr	$18,750	0.32×	Above +76%	–
81	SUNY College at GeneseoNY · Bachelor's	$59,528 n=26	64% 1yr	$14,575	0.24×	Above +57%	–
82	University of South Carolina-ColumbiaSC · Bachelor's	$59,472 n=25	90% 5yr	$21,500	0.36×	Above +73%	Clears 2/2
83	University of Wisconsin-MadisonWI · Bachelor's	$59,424 n=42	93% 5yr	$18,689	0.32×	Above +52%	Clears 2/2
84	Minnesota State University-MankatoMN · UG cert	$59,174 n=34	–	$22,000	0.37×	Above +48%	–
85	Salem State UniversityMA · Bachelor's	$58,593 n=33	79% 5yr	$21,500	0.37×	Above +35%	Clears 2/2
86	University of Minnesota-DuluthMN · Bachelor's	$58,569 n=22	–	$14,149	0.24×	Above +47%	–
87	Salisbury UniversityMD · Bachelor's	$58,548 n=37	97% 5yr	$25,000	0.43×	Above +39%	Clears 2/2
88	Appalachian State UniversityNC · Bachelor's	$58,289 n=27	94% 5yr	$18,125	0.31×	Above +70%	Clears 2/2
89	Eastern Washington UniversityWA · UG cert	$58,134 n=19	–	$24,333	0.42×	Above +36%	Clears 2/2
90	University of Wisconsin-Eau ClaireWI · Bachelor's	$58,129 n=51	84% 5yr	$21,001	0.36×	Above +49%	Clears 2/2
91	San Diego State UniversityCA · Bachelor's	$58,004 n=24	–	$14,999	0.26×	Above +51%	–
92	Keene State CollegeNH · Bachelor's	$57,900 n=16	77% 5yr	$27,000	0.47×	Above +31%	Clears 2/2
93	Plymouth State UniversityNH · UG cert	$57,887 n=33	–	$27,000	0.47×	Above +31%	–
94	Millersville University of PennsylvaniaPA · Bachelor's	$57,825 n=18	–	$26,500	0.46×	Above +53%	Clears 2/2
95	University of Colorado BoulderCO · Bachelor's	$57,677 n=26	74% 5yr	$16,500	0.29×	Above +39%	Clears 2/2
96	University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeWI · Bachelor's	$57,604 n=41	83% 5yr	$22,361	0.39×	Above +48%	Clears 2/2
97	Rowan UniversityNJ · Bachelor's	$57,567 n=50	95% 5yr	$22,500	0.39×	Above +44%	Clears 2/2
98	Bridgewater State UniversityMA · Bachelor's	$57,550 n=20	77% 5yr	$27,000	0.47×	Above +32%	Clears 2/2
99	Shippensburg University of PennsylvaniaPA · UG cert	$57,518 n=24	96% 5yr	$22,250	0.39×	Above +53%	Clears 2/2
100	California State Polytechnic University-PomonaCA · Bachelor's	$57,424 n=44	85% 5yr	$13,000	0.23×	Above +49%	Clears 2/2
101	University of Colorado Denver/Anschutz Medical CampusCO · Bachelor's	$57,285 n=45	79% 5yr	$21,500	0.38×	Above +38%	Clears 2/2
102	University of North Carolina at CharlotteNC · Bachelor's	$57,208 n=34	93% 5yr	$22,750	0.40×	Above +67%	Clears 2/2
103	SUNY OneontaNY · Bachelor's	$57,154 n=23	–	$20,204	0.35×	Above +50%	–
104	West Virginia UniversityWV · Bachelor's	$57,075 n=26	87% 5yr	$23,089	0.41×	Above +62%	Clears 2/2
105	Rutgers University-New BrunswickNJ · Bachelor's	$56,979 n=17	–	$21,380	0.38×	Above +43%	–
106	University of LouisvilleKY · Bachelor's	$56,775 n=28	81% 5yr	$21,500	0.38×	Above +64%	Clears 2/2
107	Michigan State UniversityMI · Bachelor's	$56,515 n=25	92% 5yr	$25,250	0.45×	Above +61%	Clears 2/2
108	Grand Valley State UniversityMI · UG cert	$56,401 n=26	67% 1yr	$22,250	0.39×	Above +61%	–
109	Ohio University-Chillicothe CampusOH · Bachelor's	$56,381 n=42	79% 5yr	$26,000	0.46×	Above +53%	Clears 2/2
110	Ohio University-Eastern CampusOH · Bachelor's	$56,381 n=42	79% 5yr	$26,000	0.46×	Above +53%	Clears 2/2
111	Ohio University-Lancaster CampusOH · Bachelor's	$56,381 n=42	79% 5yr	$26,000	0.46×	Above +53%	Clears 2/2
112	Ohio University-Main CampusOH · Bachelor's	$56,381 n=42	79% 5yr	$26,000	0.46×	Above +53%	Clears 2/2
113	Ohio University-Southern CampusOH · Bachelor's	$56,381 n=42	79% 5yr	$26,000	0.46×	Above +53%	Clears 2/2
114	Ohio University-Zanesville CampusOH · Bachelor's	$56,381 n=42	79% 5yr	$26,000	0.46×	Above +53%	Clears 2/2
115	University of Missouri-ColumbiaMO · Bachelor's	$56,191 n=24	–	$18,786	0.33×	Above +57%	–
116	University of OregonOR · Bachelor's	$56,165 n=34	79% 5yr	$18,917	0.34×	Above +53%	Clears 2/2
117	Sam Houston State UniversityTX · Bachelor's	$56,151 n=23	73% 5yr	$18,750	0.33×	Above +57%	Clears 2/2
118	Minnesota State University-MankatoMN · Bachelor's	$56,022 n=28	82% 5yr	$19,500	0.35×	Above +40%	Clears 2/2
119	University of WyomingWY · Bachelor's	$55,889 n=16	–	–	–	Above +38%	–
120	Northwest Missouri State UniversityMO · Bachelor's	$55,656 n=18	–	$19,060	0.34×	Above +56%	–
121	University of North Carolina at GreensboroNC · Bachelor's	$55,532 n=21	85% 5yr	$19,500	0.35×	Above +62%	Clears 2/2
122	Central Connecticut State UniversityCT · Bachelor's	$55,274 n=16	79% 5yr	$22,250	0.40×	Above +31%	Below 1/2
123	University of South FloridaFL · Bachelor's	$54,944 n=24	100% 5yr	$25,000	0.46×	Above +63%	–
124	University of UtahUT · Bachelor's	$54,757 n=23	70% 1yr	$13,875	0.25×	Above +38%	–
125	The University of Tennessee-KnoxvilleTN · Bachelor's	$54,656 n=35	94% 5yr	$24,500	0.45×	Above +56%	Clears 2/2
126	Portland State UniversityOR · Bachelor's	$54,310 n=28	69% 5yr	$21,771	0.40×	Above +48%	Clears 2/2
127	Ball State UniversityIN · Bachelor's	$53,992 n=29	81% 5yr	$24,750	0.46×	Above +44%	Clears 2/2
128	Framingham State UniversityMA · Bachelor's	$53,840 n=18	93% 5yr	$23,250	0.43×	Above +24%	Clears 2/2
129	University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMN · Bachelor's	$53,666 n=37	89% 5yr	$19,750	0.37×	Above +34%	Clears 2/2
130	Kent State University at KentOH · Bachelor's	$53,656 n=17	–	$26,112	0.49×	Above +46%	Clears 2/2
131	Eastern Michigan UniversityMI · Bachelor's	$53,455 n=17	–	$15,001	0.28×	Above +53%	–
132	The University of Texas at San AntonioTX · Bachelor's	$53,449 n=19	–	$16,750	0.31×	Above +49%	–
133	Montclair State UniversityNJ · Bachelor's	$53,285 n=17	–	–	–	Above +34%	–
134	Central Washington UniversityWA · Bachelor's	$53,081 n=19	96% 5yr	$25,600	0.48×	Above +25%	Clears 2/2
135	University of Mary WashingtonVA · Bachelor's	$53,081 n=19	84% 5yr	$19,500	0.37×	Above +40%	Clears 2/2
136	Kennesaw State UniversityGA · Bachelor's	$53,044 n=26	78% 5yr	$35,625	0.67×	Above +50%	Clears 2/2
137	University of North TexasTX · Bachelor's	$52,712 n=43	85% 5yr	$18,275	0.35×	Above +47%	Clears 2/2
138	Macalester CollegeMN · Bachelor's	$52,557 n=31	79% 5yr	$19,049	0.36×	Above +31%	Clears 2/2
139	Florida State UniversityFL · Bachelor's	$52,537 n=32	100%	$26,707	0.51×	Above +56%	Clears 2/2
140	Appalachian State UniversityNC · UG cert	$50,551 n=25	82% 5yr	$17,558	0.35×	Above +47%	Clears 2/2
141	University of North AlabamaAL · Bachelor's	$50,445 n=34	86% 5yr	$29,750	0.59×	Above +46%	Clears 2/2
142	Western Michigan UniversityMI · Bachelor's	$49,921 n=29	96% 5yr	$22,250	0.45×	Above +42%	Clears 2/2
143	Augustana CollegeIL · Bachelor's	$49,763 n=18	–	$27,000	0.54×	Above +32%	–
144	Pennsylvania Western UniversityPA · Bachelor's	$49,517 n=31	79% 5yr	–	–	Above +31%	–
145	University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC · Bachelor's	$49,476 n=27	73% 1yr	$14,963	0.30×	Above +44%	–
146	The University of AlabamaAL · Bachelor's	$49,269 n=18	91% 5yr	$19,750	0.40×	Above +43%	Clears 2/2
147	Clark UniversityMA · Bachelor's	$49,230 n=20	–	$26,041	0.53×	Above +13%	–
148	California State University-FullertonCA · Bachelor's	$48,979 n=24	71% 5yr	$17,700	0.36×	Above +27%	Clears 2/2
149	University of Colorado Colorado SpringsCO · Bachelor's	$48,892 n=78	71%	$17,500	0.36×	Above +18%	Clears 2/2
150	California State University-Long BeachCA · Bachelor's	$48,715 n=50	100%	$18,000	0.37×	Above +27%	Clears 2/2
151	Old Dominion UniversityVA · Bachelor's	$48,280 n=28	86% 5yr	$19,500	0.40×	Above +27%	Clears 2/2
152	Northern Illinois UniversityIL · Bachelor's	$47,738 n=21	94% 5yr	$22,500	0.47×	Above +27%	Clears 2/2
153	Jacksonville State UniversityAL · Bachelor's	$46,817 n=16	–	–	–	Above +36%	–
154	College of Southern IdahoID · UG cert	$41,828 n=24	–	–	–	Above +18%	–
155	Worcester State UniversityMA · Bachelor's	$41,054 n=21	–	–	–	Below -6%	–
156	University of VermontVT · Bachelor's	$40,871 n=16	–	$16,034	0.39×	Above +4%	–
157	University of Puerto Rico-Rio PiedrasPR · Bachelor's	$31,499 n=29	–	–	–	Above +92%	–

% > threshold is ED's own share of graduates earning above the federal earnings threshold, taken from the best available measurement window (4-, 5- or 1-year) pooled across all nine College Scorecard Field-of-Study releases; a chip marks any figure not on the 4-year window. Earnings premium compares median earnings four years out to the U.S. Census ACS median for a high-school graduate (undergraduate credentials) or bachelor's-degree holder (graduate credentials) in the institution's state. 2 of 3 yrs flags programs below that benchmark in two of the latest three reported cohort-years, the statutory trigger under the 2025 federal earnings-premium test (effective July 1, 2026). Indicative estimates; the Department of Education's official determination may differ. Figures lag the current year by 2–3 years.

By state, median earnings, 4 yrs out

State	Median earn 4yr	Programs
Connecticut	$76,851	6
Arizona	$69,050	5
New York	$68,176	5
California	$67,357	14
Illinois	$65,944	6
Washington	$64,950	5
Pennsylvania	$64,681	12
Virginia	$63,768	7
Florida	$63,415	6
Colorado	$62,417	8
Texas	$60,739	8
Wisconsin	$59,424	5
New Hampshire	$57,900	3
North Carolina	$57,208	7
New Jersey	$56,979	3
Michigan	$56,458	6
Ohio	$56,381	8
Missouri	$56,191	3
Oregon	$56,165	3
Minnesota	$56,022	5
Massachusetts	$55,695	6
Alabama	$49,269	3

States with at least 3 reporting Geography and Cartography programs, by median graduate earnings.

Frequently asked

Which colleges have the highest-paying Geography and Cartography programs?

By median earnings four years after completion, the highest-paying Geography and Cartography programs in this dataset are George Mason University ($114,744), University of Wisconsin-Madison ($111,616), Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus ($102,798). Earnings reflect College Scorecard field-of-study data (2024-25) and vary by credential level and location.

Are Geography and Cartography programs at risk under the federal earnings-premium test?

Indicatively, 1 of the 157 Geography and Cartography programs with both earnings and a state/national benchmark have median graduate earnings below the earnings-premium benchmark used by the 2025 federal test (effective July 1, 2026), under which a program can lose Title IV eligibility if its graduates earn less than a typical worker without the credential for 2 of 3 years. This estimate uses College Scorecard earnings vs U.S. Census ACS medians; the Department of Education's official determination uses its own cohort definition and may differ.

Track Geography and Cartography programs across your peer set

We build tailored dashboards, the fields, institutions and risk signals your enrollment or program-review team cares about, kept current. Tell us what you'd want to watch.

Request a custom dashboard

Source: U.S. Department of Education, College Scorecard Field of Study, 2014–15 through 2022–23 cohorts plus the most-recent snapshot (2024-25); threshold pass-rates pooled across all nine releases. Earnings-premium benchmarks from the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS). Compiled by Ibex Insights. See the methodology.