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University of South Dakota

Vermillion, SD · official site ↗

PublicR2: Doctoral, High ResearchMedium
67
Fin. Resilience
Resilience score

vs. 93 peers in its group

University of South Dakota is a public institution in Vermillion, SD, classified by Carnegie as “R2: Doctoral, High Research.”

It enrolls about 5,439 undergraduates and is benchmarked here against 93 peer institutions (R2: Doctoral, High Research · Public).

On Ibex's Financial Resilience score it rates 67 out of 100 within that peer group, a transparent composite of endowment per undergraduate, net tuition revenue per student, and instructional spend per student.

Its strongest standing relative to peers is endowment per undergrad ($58,400, 92nd percentile).

Its weakest is return on net assets (-4.1%).

Ibex's cross-metric scan flags: Undergrad enrollment down 12% since 2016.

Peer group

R2: Doctoral, High Research · Public

93 institutions

Undergrad enrollment down 12% since 2016
Policy & demographic exposure

How exposed University of South Dakota is to the structural shifts reshaping higher ed: a composite structural-risk index plus the 2025 federal budget law’s endowment excise tax and Grad PLUS elimination and the demographic enrollment cliff. Only signals that apply to this institution are shown.

Structural risk indexAn indicative 0–100 structural-risk index (higher = more pressure) blending operating margin, months of cash cushion, tuition dependency and the home-state enrollment cliff. Screens for the financial and demographic strain that precedes closures and mergers — directional, not a prediction.
22
Low
Grad PLUS exposureShare of the school's graduate federal loan dollars that came from Grad PLUS, the program the 2025 budget law eliminates for new borrowers from July 2026 (FSA Direct Loan data). Higher = more graduate borrowing that will disappear above the new caps.
29.5%
Moderate exposure
Higher than 65% of schools nationally
AY2025-26 YTD (through Q2, Dec 2025)
Avg Grad PLUS loanAverage Grad PLUS loan per borrower (FSA). The 2025 law caps unsubsidized grad borrowing at $20,500/yr and ends Grad PLUS — this is the average per-student amount that vanishes above the cap. The depth half of the Grad PLUS shock; pair with Grad PLUS exposure (the reliance share).
$21,685
Above the cap
Higher than 59% of schools nationally
AY2025-26 YTD (through Q2, Dec 2025)
Enrollment cliff (home state)Projected change in the institution's home-state high-school graduates from 2025 to 2041 (WICHE). The U.S. total falls about 13%; a directional feeder-market signal, not an enrollment forecast.
0.1%
Stable or growing

Indicative signals, not forecasts — see each metric’s definition and the methodology. Endowment-tax and Grad PLUS figures appear only where the institution is actually exposed; “nationally” compares against all schools that report each signal.

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Financial Health Index
3.4
on a −4 to 10 scale
Financial Health IndexStable

NACUBO Composite Financial Index — the balance-sheet health score accreditors and institutional boards use to gauge financial health; bond-rating agencies track similar ratios. 57th percentile of 93 peers.

Primary reserve 35%8.5 mo
Reserves vs. debt 35%2.73×
Return on net assets 20%-4.1%
Operating result 10%-4.1%

Composite of four ratios on a strength-factor scale (−4 weak → 10 strong): below 3 falls short of the threshold for financial health, below 1 signals acute stress, and above 6 is strong. Computed from IPEDS FY2022-23, the most recent finance release (it lags the current year by 2–3 years). Branch campuses that report finances at a parent/system level can show distorted ratios. For informational benchmarking, not a credit rating or financial advice.

Revenue composition
Where the money comes from $251.8M total revenue · IPEDS FY2022-23

Government appropriations is the largest single source at 32% of revenue.

Government appropriations32.1%
Tuition & fees24.5%
Government grants & contracts18.5%
Private gifts & grants13.4%
Other revenue5.8%
Auxiliary enterprises5.3%
Investment return0.4%

Where each dollar of revenue comes from, as a share of total positive revenue. Sources are standardized across public (GASB) and private (FASB) reporting; a net investment loss in a down market is shown as 0% and excluded from the mix.

Net price by income
Average net price by family income After grant & scholarship aid · Scorecard 2024-25
$0–30K$14,921
$30–48K$15,942
$48–75K$18,540
$75–110K$21,202
$110K+$22,193

Average annual net price (total cost minus grant and scholarship aid) paid by federal-aid recipients in each family-income band. Lower-income bands often pay less where need-based aid is strong.

Financial Health
Net tuition revenue / FTETuition revenue per full-time-equivalent student after institutional aid/discounts — what tuition actually nets.
Average
$8,328
46th percentile in peer grouppeer median $8,592
Instructional spend / FTESpending on instruction per FTE student — how much of the budget reaches the classroom.
Average
$11,862
62nd percentile in peer grouppeer median $10,804
Endowment (end of year)Total endowment value at year end — long-term invested wealth that funds operations and cushions shocks.
Strong
$317.6M
77th percentile in peer grouppeer median $164.8M
In-state tuition & feesPublished in-state tuition and fees before aid (sticker price).
$9,432
44th percentile in peer grouppeer median $9,922
Out-of-state tuition & feesPublished out-of-state tuition and fees before aid (sticker price).
$12,942
4th percentile in peer grouppeer median $22,158
Avg annual cost of attendanceAverage total annual cost — tuition, fees and living costs — before aid.
$24,422
37th percentile in peer grouppeer median $25,505
Avg monthly faculty salaryAverage monthly salary of full-time faculty (IPEDS) — a proxy for faculty investment.
Below peers
$9,264
25th percentile in peer grouppeer median $10,210
Average monthly salary of full-time faculty, as reported to IPEDS.
Average net priceAverage yearly price families actually pay after grants and scholarships.
Below peers
$19,858
87th percentile in peer grouppeer median $15,048
Endowment per undergradEndowment divided by undergraduate headcount — endowment wealth behind each undergrad.
Strong
$58,400
92nd percentile in peer grouppeer median $14,921
Operating marginNet surplus as a share of total revenue — whether the institution runs in the black.
Strong
4.2%
40th percentile in peer grouppeer median 7.8%
Net surplus as a share of total revenue (IPEDS FY2022-23): (total revenues − total expenses) ÷ total revenues. A surplus above 4% is strong; a thin surplus near 0% leaves little margin for shocks.
Tuition dependencyTuition's share of total revenue — how exposed the budget is to enrollment swings.
24.5%
52nd percentile in peer grouppeer median 23.9%
Tuition & fees as a share of total revenue (IPEDS FY2022-23). Higher = more exposed to enrollment swings.
State appropriations shareState appropriations' share of total revenue — material for public institutions, near zero for private.
29.4%
59th percentile in peer grouppeer median 27.4%
State appropriations as a share of total revenue (IPEDS FY2022-23). Material for public institutions; ~0 for private.
Months of operating cushionMonths of operating expenses covered by expendable reserves — the institution's cash cushion.
Strong
8.5 mo
77th percentile in peer grouppeer median 6 mo
How many months of operating expenses the institution could cover from expendable reserves (IPEDS FY2022-23 primary reserve ratio × 12). About 5 months — one semester — is the accreditor benchmark for solid footing; below ~3 months is thin. A negative figure means expendable reserves are themselves negative.
Reserves vs. debtExpendable reserves divided by long-term debt — whether reserves could cover the debt.
Strong
2.73×
89th percentile in peer grouppeer median 1.04×
Expendable reserves ÷ plant-related debt (IPEDS FY2022-23 viability ratio). At or above 1.25×, reserves fully cover long-term debt. Shown blank when the institution carries little or no plant debt.
Return on net assetsChange in net assets over the year — whether the institution grew wealthier.
Weak
-4.1%
5th percentile in peer grouppeer median 5.3%
Change in total net assets ÷ net assets (IPEDS FY2022-23) — whether the institution grew wealthier over the year. 2–4% is adequate; above 4% is strong.
Endowment per FTE studentEndowment per full-time-equivalent student — the FTE-correct measure of endowment wealth per student.
Strong
$43,680
90th percentile in peer grouppeer median $14,422
End-of-year endowment ÷ 12-month FTE enrollment — endowment wealth per full-time-equivalent student. The FTE-correct companion to endowment-per-undergraduate; FTE counts graduate and part-time load, so research universities look less wealthy on this basis than on a headcount basis.
Grad PLUS exposureShare of the school's graduate federal loan dollars that came from Grad PLUS, the program the 2025 budget law eliminates for new borrowers from July 2026 (FSA Direct Loan data). Higher = more graduate borrowing that will disappear above the new caps.
Moderate exposure
29.5%
— percentile in peer group
Share of the institution's graduate federal loan dollars (Grad Unsubsidized + Grad PLUS) that came from Grad PLUS — the program the 2025 budget law eliminates for new borrowers from July 1, 2026, alongside new caps on graduate borrowing. A higher share means more of the school's graduate students rely on borrowing that will no longer exist above the unsubsidized cap. Source: U.S. Dept. of Education / Federal Student Aid Direct Loan Dashboard — primarily award year 2025-26 (year-to-date through Q2, December 2025), the most current federal data; schools not yet reporting Grad PLUS in 2025-26 retain their most recent complete year (2024-25), shown per school. The reliance share is stable across the two vintages. Shown only for schools with Grad PLUS originations; an exposure signal, not a forecast of revenue loss.
Avg Grad PLUS loanAverage Grad PLUS loan per borrower (FSA). The 2025 law caps unsubsidized grad borrowing at $20,500/yr and ends Grad PLUS — this is the average per-student amount that vanishes above the cap. The depth half of the Grad PLUS shock; pair with Grad PLUS exposure (the reliance share).
Above the cap
$21,685
— percentile in peer group
Average Grad PLUS loan per recipient (FSA Direct Loan Dashboard — award year 2025-26 year-to-date through Q2, with 2024-25 full-year retained where 2025-26 is not yet reported). The 2025 budget law eliminates Grad PLUS for new borrowers from July 1, 2026 and caps unsubsidized graduate borrowing at $20,500/year — so this is the average per-borrower amount that will no longer be available above that cap. Paired with Grad PLUS exposure (the institution's reliance share), it is the depth axis of the Grad PLUS shock: how much each affected borrower stands to lose. Shown only where Grad PLUS was originated.
Structural risk indexAn indicative 0–100 structural-risk index (higher = more pressure) blending operating margin, months of cash cushion, tuition dependency and the home-state enrollment cliff. Screens for the financial and demographic strain that precedes closures and mergers — directional, not a prediction.
Low
22
— percentile in peer group
An indicative 0–100 structural-risk index (higher = more pressure), an equal-weight blend of the stress signals we measure: thin or negative operating margin, low months of operating cushion, high tuition dependency, and a shrinking home-state high-school-graduate pipeline (enrollment cliff). Averaged over whichever signals are available (at least two required). It screens for the financial and demographic pressures that precede closures and mergers — a directional indicator, NOT a prediction that any institution will close, and not a credit rating.
Graduation & completion
Graduation rate · first-time, full-time
59.9%

59.9% graduate within 6 years (150% of normal time)
47.3% on-time, within 4 years (100%)
Counts only students who entered full-time as first-time freshmen and earned a bachelor's here — the conventional headline rate. Excludes part-time entrants and transfer-ins.

Completion rate · all students
53.1%

53.1% earned a degree or certificate within 8 years (IPEDS Outcome Measures)
The broader cohort — also counts part-time entrants and transfer-ins, and any credential. More inclusive, so it can run higher than the graduation rate.

Why two numbers? They measure different students over different windows, so they are not directly comparable. The graduation rate is the standard federal headline but tracks only first-time, full-time students through a bachelor's; the all-students completion rate adds the part-time and transfer students it leaves out, over a longer window. Read each for what it covers. Source: U.S. Department of Education — IPEDS Graduation Rates & Outcome Measures, via College Scorecard.

Enrollment & Pipeline
Undergraduate enrollmentNumber of degree-seeking undergraduates (IPEDS fall headcount). A size measure, not a quality signal.
5,439
13th percentile in peer grouppeer median 10,020
Admission rateShare of applicants offered admission. Lower means more selective; open-admission schools report none.
98.8%
100th percentile in peer grouppeer median 85%
First-year retentionShare of first-time, full-time freshmen who return for a second year — an early signal of student fit and support.
Average
79.3%
60th percentile in peer grouppeer median 77.8%
Graduation rate (6-yr · first-time, full-time)Of first-time, full-time freshmen, the share who earn a bachelor's at this institution within six years (150% of normal time) — the conventional headline graduation rate. It counts only first-time, full-time students and excludes part-time entrants and transfer-ins, who are captured instead by the all-students completion rate.
Average
59.9%
65th percentile in peer grouppeer median 55.5%
Graduation rate (4-yr on-time · first-time, full-time)Of first-time, full-time freshmen, the share who earn a bachelor's within four years (100% of normal time) — the 'on-time' rate. It runs well below the six-year rate because many students take a fifth or sixth year; same first-time, full-time cohort as the six-year rate.
Strong
47.3%
79th percentile in peer grouppeer median 36.2%
Pell recipient shareShare of undergraduates on a federal Pell Grant — a proxy for the share from lower-income families.
18.7%
10th percentile in peer grouppeer median 36.4%
Program concentration (HHI)How concentrated a school's annual completions are across academic fields, as a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (10,000 = one field, lower = many). Higher means more reliance on a few fields; lower means a diversified program portfolio.
Moderately concentrated
1,609
— percentile in peer group
How concentrated the institution's degree and certificate output is across academic fields (CIP 2-digit families), as a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index on the latest year's completions: 10,000 means every completion is in one field; lower means output is spread across many. A higher value means the school leans on fewer fields and is more exposed to demand shifts in them; a lower value reflects a broad program portfolio. Shown for institutions reporting at least 100 annual completions. A structural-diversification signal, not a measure of quality.
12-month FTE enrollmentFull-time-equivalent enrollment over the full year — the denominator for per-student finance measures.
7,272
17th percentile in peer grouppeer median 12,248
Full-time-equivalent enrollment over the full 12-month year (IPEDS 12-month enrollment, 2022-23). Counts part-time students at their fractional load, so it runs above fall full-time headcount and is the denominator used for per-student finance measures.
Student-faculty ratioStudents per instructional faculty member — lower usually means smaller classes and more contact.
14:1
22nd percentile in peer grouppeer median 17:1
Students per instructional faculty member (IPEDS, fall 2023). Lower generally means smaller classes and more faculty contact, though the measure mixes undergraduate and graduate teaching and is institution-reported.
Enrollment cliff (home state)Projected change in the institution's home-state high-school graduates from 2025 to 2041 (WICHE). The U.S. total falls about 13%; a directional feeder-market signal, not an enrollment forecast.
Stable or growing
0.1%
— percentile in peer group
Projected change in the number of high-school graduates in the institution's HOME STATE from the class of 2025 (the national peak) to 2041, per WICHE's Knocking at the College Door, 11th Edition (Dec 2024). The 'enrollment cliff' is the post-2008 birth decline reaching college age; the U.S. total is projected to fall about 13% over this window. A college recruits from many states, so its home-state projection is an indicative directional signal of feeder-market pressure, not a forecast of that institution's own enrollment.
Completion rate (all students · 8-yr)Of ALL entering degree-seeking undergraduates — full- and part-time, first-time and transfer-in — the share who earned a degree or certificate at this institution within eight years (IPEDS Outcome Measures). Broader than the graduation rate, which counts only first-time, full-time students, so the two are measured on different students and are not directly comparable.
Below peers
53.1%
23rd percentile in peer grouppeer median 59.1%
Share of ALL entering degree-seeking undergraduates — full- and part-time, first-time and transfer-in — who earned a degree or certificate at this institution within eight years (IPEDS Outcome Measures, via College Scorecard). Broader and more inclusive than the graduation-rate figures, which count only first-time, full-time students entering a bachelor's program — so the two are measured on different groups of students and are not directly comparable.
Average SAT score
1,125
56th percentile in peer grouppeer median 1,120
Average SAT score of enrolled students who submitted scores (College Scorecard, FY2024-25). A selectivity and incoming-class signal — not a measure of institutional quality — and reported by fewer than half of institutions in the test-optional era. Schools that are test-optional or open-admission show none.
Admission yield
Strong
25.7%
78th percentile in peer grouppeer median 20.4%
Share of admitted students who enrolled (IPEDS Admissions, Fall 2023): students who enrolled ÷ students admitted. A demand signal — how many accepted offers the institution converts to enrollment. Higher yield generally reflects stronger demand, though binding early-decision programs and price positioning can inflate it. Open-admission institutions do not report admissions and show none.
Student body
Undergraduate race & ethnicity IPEDS 2024-25
White76.0%
International6.9%
Hispanic/Latino5.8%
Black3.8%
Two or more races2.6%
American Indian/Alaska Native2.2%
Asian1.5%
Unknown1.1%
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander0.0%

Undergraduate enrollment by race and ethnicity, as reported to IPEDS (College Scorecard). “International” denotes nonresident students; “Unknown” means race/ethnicity was not reported.

Student Outcomes & Risk
Median earnings (10 yr)Median earnings of former students ten years after first enrolling (working, federally-aided students).
Average
$51,926
39th percentile in peer grouppeer median $54,522
Median debt at graduationMedian federal loan debt graduates carry at the point they complete.
Below peers
$23,592
80th percentile in peer grouppeer median $21,522
3-yr cohort default rateShare of borrowers who default within three years of entering repayment. Lower is better.
Strong
4.8%
29th percentile in peer grouppeer median 5.9%
Share of borrowers who defaulted within three years of entering repayment (U.S. Dept. of Education official cohort default rate). Shown for the FY2017 borrower cohort — the most recent cohort whose full three-year default window closed before the 2020-23 federal student-loan payment pause. More recent cohorts are reported by the College Scorecard at essentially 0%, but that reflects the payment pause (no payments were due, so almost no one could default), not borrower health, so the pre-pause cohort is the last meaningful reading. Lower is better.
Share taking federal loansShare of students taking out federal loans — a borrowing-reliance signal.
40.4%
60th percentile in peer grouppeer median 37.4%
Full-time faculty shareShare of faculty employed full-time — higher generally means more availability and continuity.
Average
65.2%
41st percentile in peer grouppeer median 71.9%
Debt-to-earnings ratioMedian graduate debt divided by median earnings — how heavy the debt load is versus what graduates earn. Lower is better.
Below peers
0.45×
77th percentile in peer grouppeer median 0.39×
Return on credentialMedian 10-year earnings divided by the four-year cost of attendance (annual cost × 4) — a rough payback ratio for the degree.
Average
0.53×
56th percentile in peer grouppeer median 0.53×
Median 10-year earnings divided by the four-year cost of attendance (average annual cost × 4). A rough payback ratio: 1.0× means a graduate's annual 10-year earnings roughly equal the full four-year sticker cost. Earnings reflect federally-aided students; cost of attendance is the published sticker price before aid, so this is conservative relative to what families net of aid pay.
Field-demand outlook (10-yr)Employment-weighted 10-year BLS job-growth projection for the occupations this school's program mix feeds (U.S. all-occupations benchmark +3.1%). An indicative broad-field demand signal, not a program-specific or placement guarantee.
Outpaces job-market average
+4.6%
60th percentile in peer group
Projected 10-year (2024-34) change in U.S. employment for the occupations this institution's degrees and certificates feed, blended across its program mix. Built by mapping each CIP 2-digit field to its occupations via the NCES CIP-SOC crosswalk, taking the employment-weighted average of each occupation's BLS-projected percent change, then weighting fields by the institution's latest-year completions. The U.S. all-occupations benchmark is 3.1%, so a higher value means the school's graduates concentrate in faster-growing labor markets. An INDICATIVE field-level signal at broad-field granularity — not a program-specific or graduate-specific projection, and not a placement or earnings guarantee. Structurally diffuse CIP families whose crosswalk maps to 'any job' are excluded from the signal: 05 Area/Ethnic/Gender Studies, 24 Liberal Arts & Humanities, and 30 Multi/Interdisciplinary. Shown where at least 50% of completions fall in fields with a coherent occupational mapping and the school reports 100+ annual completions.
Loan repayment rate (3-yr)
69.5%
84th percentile in peer grouppeer median 57.6%
Share of student-loan borrowers who had repaid at least $1 of their loan principal within three years of entering repayment (College Scorecard, FY2024-25). Read it as context, not a simple good/bad score: a low rate can mean borrowers are struggling, but it can also mean many graduates have postponed payments while enrolled in graduate or professional school, which is common at selective schools and pushes their rate down. Unlike the cohort default rate, it is not distorted by the 2020-23 federal payment pause. Reported only where enough borrowers exist.
Top fields of study (bachelor's)

University of South Dakota’s largest fields by completions, with graduate earnings (4 years out) and debt benchmarked against the same field at its peer group. Sparklines show the 8-year completions trend.

FieldCompletions / yrMedian earnings, 4 yrs outMedian debtEarnings premiumRisk score
Health Professions & Clinical Sciences389$66,296
25th pct · 85 peers
—Above benchmark +80%Low · 27
Business, Management & Marketing242$65,818
38th pct · 90 peers
—Above benchmark +79%Low · 7
Education142$46,398
29th pct · 66 peers
—Above benchmark +26%Low · 15
Biological & Biomedical Sciences77$58,099
67th pct · 90 peers
—Above benchmark +58%Low · 19
Psychology66$50,993
70th pct · 88 peers
—Above benchmark +38%Moderate · 37
Social Sciences60$64,729
90th pct · 81 peers
—Above benchmark +76%Low · 33
Parks, Recreation & Fitness59$64,104
94th pct · 67 peers
—Above benchmark +74%Low · 24
Communication & Journalism56$52,100
52th pct · 80 peers
—Above benchmark +41%Low · 31
Liberal Arts & Humanities53$50,306
40th pct · 58 peers
—Above benchmark +37%Low · 11
Homeland Security, Law Enforcement & Firefighting40$58,046
73th pct · 62 peers
—Above benchmark +58%Moderate · 44

All 10 top fields shown clear the SD state earnings-premium benchmark (indicative).

Earnings-premium status is an indicative estimate: median graduate earnings four years out vs the SD state median earnings of a high-school graduate (undergraduate credentials) or a bachelor’s-degree holder (graduate credentials) from the U.S. Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (2022 ACS 5-year). The official U.S. Department of Education determination uses its own cohort definition and may differ.

The risk score (0–100) is an indicative blend of earnings-premium margin and the five-year completions trend—higher means a field pays closer to (or below) the benchmark and is shrinking. A directional screen, not an official determination.

See the interactive dashboard for all fields and credential levels (associate through doctoral). Source: College Scorecard Field of Study.

Frequently asked
How financially healthy is University of South Dakota?
On the NACUBO Composite Financial Index — the −4 to 10 balance-sheet score accreditors and institutional boards use — University of South Dakota scores 3.4 (Stable), computed from its IPEDS FY2022-23 finances. This is informational benchmarking, not a credit rating.
How selective is University of South Dakota?
University of South Dakota admits about 99% of applicants, and roughly 79% of first-year students return for a second year.
What is University of South Dakota's student-faculty ratio?
University of South Dakota reports a student-faculty ratio of 14:1 (IPEDS, fall 2023) — that is, about 14 students for every instructional faculty member.
How much does University of South Dakota cost?
The average published cost of attendance is $24,422 and the average net price after aid is $19,858 (College Scorecard).
How much do University of South Dakota graduates earn?
Median earnings ten years after entry are $51,926 (College Scorecard), measured across students who received federal aid.
Are University of South Dakota's programs at risk under the federal earnings-premium test?
Indicatively, at University of South Dakota, all 10 of the largest fields with available earnings data clear the SD state earnings-premium benchmark used by the 2025 federal test (effective July 1, 2026) — median graduate earnings (four years out) exceed those of a typical worker without the credential. This is an estimate using College Scorecard earnings vs ACS medians; the official Department of Education determination may differ.
Compare with peers
Southern University and A & M CollegeMissouri University of Science and TechnologyAugusta UniversityUniversity of Massachusetts-DartmouthUniversity of Missouri-St LouisUniversity of Arkansas at Little Rock

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Source: U.S. Department of Education — College Scorecard & IPEDS (most recent releases), with the U.S. Census Bureau (ACS), the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (Employment Projections, field-demand outlook) and WICHE (enrollment-cliff projections). Figures lag the current academic year by roughly two to three years. Percentiles and medians are computed within the institution's peer group. Financial Resilience is a transparent composite — see each component above. Compiled by Ibex Insights.